Essay about The Postclassical World Western Europe

In regard to the rest of the postclassical world, Western Europe was well behind politically, economically and technologically. It chose to adapt the advancements of other civilizations rather than creating its own. Yet because of their geographical position and lack of political unity, Western Europe was not required to be as advanced as the rest of the postclassical world. Instead, Western Europe was defined by a desire to emulate the Roman Empire, Christian authority, learning and philosophy and political and economical systems based on relations between different classes. Throughout the majority of the postclassical period in Western Europe, there was really only one major empire, under Charlemagne. At the height of this empire, he†¦show more content†¦Not only did the Christian Church hold importance but it also held authority. Document 11 describes the power of the Catholic Inquisition. In attempting to try a man for heresy, they killed him by means of torture. Not onl y did they have the judging authority, but they could kill men without consequence. The greatest minds of Western Europe were captivated by Christianity as well. Document 13 describes Thomas Aquinas, one of the best thinkers of the Christian postclassical world, in his use of science to try to determine the right and Christian relationship between men and women. In every aspect of Western Europe, Christianity was a defining characteristic. Because of the disinterest of the rest of the world, Western Europe engaged only in wars with each other. Even these wars, though, were not greatly punishing because a lack of technology. This meant that the political and economic system of Western Europe wasn’t required to be strong, and could be local. Document 7 shows that relied solely on the relationships and hierarchy created by feudalism and manorialism. Feudalism was the political system in which local lords offered protection and resources to knights in return for military service and loyalty. Manorialism was the economical system in which peasants, called serfs, worked on the land of rich lords and in return, they had to promise to stay and give part of theirShow MoreRelatedThe Image of Medieval Western Europe Essay769 Words   |  4 PagesThe image of medieval western Europe can be attributed to political, religious, economic, and cultural factors. The impulse of expansion, unity under Christianity, trade, and education were key developments within the factors. Ultimetly, these developments contributed to the advancement of medieval western Europe in the postclassical period. The medieval government in western Europe exercised feudalism which also established the structure of political powers. 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Essential food and useful tools such as salt were traded from the Sahara desert all the way to West Africa and salt was used as a food preserver. Some incenses essential to religious ceremonies were traded across the world because there was a huge demand for them. Trade diminished economic self-sufficiency by creating a reliance on traded

Legal and Ethical Issuesin Healthcare

Question: Discuss about the Australin Medical Association Code of Ethics ? Answer : Introduction The healthcare professionals are required to be registered and exercise good medical practice in Australia. The Australian medical Association Code of Ethics provides a guideline for the medical practitioners and the other healthcare professionals to maintain ethical and professional conduct in the field of medicine (Mason, Laurie Smith, 2013). This essay discusses the standard of care the healthcare team is expected to exercise towards the patients. It also entails about the significance of a valid consent and the legal consequence that may arise in case of committing breach of a valid consent. The medical practitioners must inform the patients about the treatment to be undertaken and must obtain valid consent prior to the commencement of the treatment depending on the decision making capacity of the patient. In case, a patient lacks decision making capacity, decision may be made by the family or carer or any person authorised by the patient or tribunal for the same. Under section 32 N of the Guardianship and Management of Property Act 1991, a healthcare professional may provide urgent medical treatment to a patient under the Common law. The ethical principle of autonomy which states that a patient has the right to give consent or refuse to medical treatment and the healthcare professionals must respect the same. The courts have also recognised the principle that an adult patient has a right to inform the healthcare professional that they would wish to refuse the medical treatment in case he or she becomes incapable to give consent or make any decision regarding their medical treatment. In Contemporary ethics, the principle of autonomy has also been recognised (Laurie, Harmon Porter, 2016). Legal issues According to the Medical Board of Australia, no treatment shall be undertaken without obtaining a valid consent of the patient (Gough, 2014). As per the NSW Health Patient Charter every patient must be well explained about the treatment options applicable for him or her and consent must be obtained from the patient except under emergency circumstances where the law states that the patient must be treated without his or her consent (Foy, 2015). Moreover, a competent patient has a right to refuse to undergo any medical treatment and the healthcare professionals must respect their decisions. The High Court of Australia has introduced this principle in the Marions case where a competent person may refuse to medical treatment irrespective of the fact whether such decision is rational or irrational (Drazen, Solomon Greene, 2013). If such patient is treated, it would amount to battery or assault. Such refusal must be specific and given freely, however, if there is a change in the circumsta nces of the patient, such refusal shall not continue to be valid and may require confirmation. In the mentioned case, Edward did not specifically refuse medical treatment and moreover, there was a change in his medical condition which invalidates his refusal. Therefore, the paramedics are legally authorised to treat Edward for his Diabetic coma. In order to obtain a valid consent, the healthcare professionals must ensure that the criteria for a valid consent is fulfilled as stipulated by the Medical Board of Australia under the Code of Good Ethical Conduct for Doctors. Firstly, the person giving consent must be competent to give such consent that is the person must be competent to understand the consequence of undergoing the treatment. Secondly, such consent must be given voluntarily and not under any coercion, fraud or misrepresentation. Thirdly, it must be specific and must be given after detailed information about the treatment options is provided to the patient. Lastly, the patient must be given adequate time for deliberation. If any patient is treated without obtaining his or her valid consent, such treatment shall amount to battery or an assault that is an offence of trespass for which the patient may initiate criminal or civil proceedings against the medical practitioner committing such offence (Browning, Bigby Dougl as, 2014). According to section 33(2) of the Guardianship Act, a patient is incapable of giving a valid consent if such patient is incompetent to understand the information and the implications of the treatment. Under such circumstances the Act stipulates that treatment may be provided to the patient if the medical practitioner considers it necessary to prevent the patient from any serious damage or to save his or her life. In the given case, Edward lacked capacity to make decisions and it was a medical emergence, therefore; the healthcare providers may treat him as they considered it necessary to save his life. However, the healthcare providers must ensure that the decision made on his behalf is in the best interest of Edward. The Guardianship Act 1990 lays down the provisions for making treatment related decisions for people who are incapable of making their own decisions owing to any intellectual disability or brain injury etc. The Act lays down options which enable the healthcare providers to obtain consent for treating the patients who lack decision making capacity (Khoury Khoury, 2015). The Act allows an enduring guardian to make decision on behalf of Edward. The Act also permits the appointment of substitute decision-makers by the State Administrative Tribunal. Such person appointed by the State Tribunal is called a Guardian (Barry Sage-Jacobson, 2015). Part 9D and sections 110ZJ and 110ZD of the Act lays down the course of action to be followed by the health professional in order to obtain treatment decision for Edward. In the given case, the two substitute decision makers are Edwards wife and his mother in law, Una. However, there is a disagreement between the two of them regarding the withdrawal of the life-sustaining measures of Edward. Under such circumstances, the healthcare professionals must follow the decision which is in the best interest of Edward as the basic concern of the Guardianship Act 1990 to allow the appointment of substitute decision maker is to promote best interest of the patient lacking decision making capacity. The decision relating to the withdrawal of the life-sustaining measures signifies the stage where it has become evident that a patient is not receiving any benefit from the life sustaining measures that are being proposed to be withdrawn (Mark et al., 2015). In the given case, in order to take the decision regarding withdrawal of the life sustaining measures, the factors that must be taken into consideration are that the medical treatment is no more beneficial for Edward; that the continuation of the treatment shall not be in the best interest of Edward. Further, the wish of the patient, when he had capacity, must also be considered (Johnstone, 2015). In this case, Edward had previously expressed his wish to his wife that he does not want to live in a condition where he is unable to take care of himself and would want her to turn off the life sustaining machines. Furthermore, the interest of other people shall not be taken into consideration; it is only the best interest of the patie nt must be determined while withdrawing the life sustaining measures (Willmott et al., 2014). Ethical issues Under the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UDBHR) two principles that may be applied in the given scenario are the principle of Benefit and Harm stipulated under Article 4 and the principle relating to the lack of capacity to consent of a person laid down under Article 7. Article 4 of the UBDHR entitles every person to be free from intentional harm. This article is based on the principle of beneficence and non-maleficence which implies that the healthcare providers must provide such treatment which maximizes benefit and minimizes the harm (Pieper Thomson, 2016). In the given scenario, the healthcare team provided Edward with every possible treatment in order to avoid any harm but unfortunately, he suffered hypoxic brain injury. The healthcare team also stated that Edward was in a condition where the life sustaining measure will not benefit him anymore as there is no chance of him to recover. Article 7 states that when a person is incapable of making decisions, any medical procedure or treatment must be conducted only in the best interest or for the benefit of the patient (Flannery, Ramjan Peters, 2016). In the given scenario, Edward was lacked decision-making capacity and Genevieve and Una were his substitute decision makers therefore while making any medical related decision on behalf of Edward, they must ensure that it is in the best interest of Edward. In the given scenario, conflict may arise between the above-mentioned principles as the principle of benefit and harm states that the healthcare professionals must provide such medical treatment which minimizes the harm and maximizes good of the patient. Now, before applying this principle, the doctors must provide detail information about the treatment procedures to the patient and the decision taken by the patient shall be final as a competent patient is entitled to make his own medical decision whether to consent or refuse the medical treatment (Hattingh, 2015). However, in the given scenario, since Edward lacks decision making capacity, the substitute decision makers are entitled to make medical decision on his behalf. Now, as per the condition of Edward the healthcare team have declared that there is no chance of recovery and that the life sustaining measures are not providing any benefit to him therefore it must be withdrawn to relieve him of the pain. However, una believes tha t he has a chance of recovery and disagrees with the healthcare team and Genevieve. Under such circumstances, on one hand the healthcare providers are under legal obligation to provide treatment that minimizes harm to the patient while on the other hand they suggested withdrawing the life sustaining measures which may cause death of Edward. Nevertheless, Edward also did not wish to live on the life sustaining measures and the patients wish and it is the best interest of the patient that must be considered to withdraw the life sustaining measures and not the interest of any other person. In order to address the ethical conflict arising in the given case study, Kerridge model of resolving ethical dilemma may be applied here. The healthcare providers must ensure that the patient is prevented from any harm and must respect the decisions taken by the patient and in this case where Edward lacks decision making capacity, the decision of the substitute decision makers. In the mentioned case, the ethical dilemma is between Edwardss wife and the healthcare team who are of the opinion that since there is no sign of recovery, the life sustaining measures are not providing benefit to him whereas Una disagrees with them against the withdrawal of the life sustaining measures. Now the decision related to extending life by providing life sustaining measures is always not beneficial for the patient. Benefit in terms of health refers to concept like progress, recovery, pain relief etc. However, these concepts have different degrees of benefits (Doran et al., 2015). Here, the life sust aining measures was not providing any benefit to Edward as there is no chance of him to recover and circumstances that might cause more harm than benefit to patient especially when the patient is under pain, the healthcare team must consider and weigh up carefully all the factors that are related to the patients quality of life. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that the healthcare providers must treat the patients honestly, compassionately and respect their integrity, culture, values and beliefs. The medical practitioners are under legal and ethical obligation to provide appropriate treatment to the patients in the best interest of the patients (Tilse et al., 2014). In order to determine the best interest of the patients, the healthcare professionals must consider several factors that are relevant to the best interest of the patients and the factors may vary from one patient to another. The medical practitioners must be cautious about their obligations and procedures as they tend to influence the decisions of the patients. Sometimes, the decisions relating to the life-sustaining measures often become subject to ethical conflicts between the society expectations, rights of the patients and the medical obligation of the healthcare professionals. The medical practitioners must put in efforts to ens ure that a balance is maintained between the obligations and the duties imposed by the rights and duties and that decisions are made based on reasonable ethical principles and is in the best interest of the patients. Reference list Barry, L., Sage-Jacobson, S. (2015). Human Rights, Older People and Decision Making in Australia. Browning, M., Bigby, C., Douglas, J. (2014). Supported decision making: Understanding how its conceptual link to legal capacity is influencing the development of practice.Research and Practice in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities,1(1), 34-45. Doran, E., Fleming, J., Jordens, C., Stewart, C. L., Letts, J., Kerridge, I. H. (2015). Managing ethical issues in patient care and the need for clinical ethics support.Australian Health Review,39(1), 44-50. Drazen, J. M., Solomon, C. G., Greene, M. F. (2013). Informed consent and SUPPORT. Flannery, L., Ramjan, L. M., Peters, K. (2016). End-of-life decisions in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)Exploring the experiences of ICU nurses and doctorsA critical literature review.Australian Critical Care,29(2), 97-103. Foy, M. A. (2015). Informed consent.Bone Joint J,97(9), 1159-1161. Gough, I. R. (2014). The significance of Good Medical Practice: a code of conduct for doctors in Australia.Med J Aust,200(200), 148-149. Hattingh, L. (2015). Pharmacy legal: Legal issues involved in patient or client consent.Australian Pharmacist,34(8), 68. Johnstone, M. J. (2015).Bioethics: a nursing perspective. Elsevier Health Sciences. Khoury, B. S., Khoury, J. N. (2015). Consent: a practical guide.Australian dental journal,60(2), 138-142. Laurie, G., Harmon, S., Porter, G. (2016).Mason and Mccall Smith's Law and Medical Ethics. Oxford University Press. Mark, N. M., Rayner, S. G., Lee, N. J., Curtis, J. R. (2015). Global variability in withholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in the intensive care unit: a systematic review.Intensive care medicine,41(9), 1572-1585. Mason, K., Laurie, G., Smith, A. M. (2013).Mason and McCall Smith's law and medical ethics. Oxford University Press. Pieper, I., Thomson, C. J. (2016). Beneficence as a principle in human research.Monash Bioethics Review,34(2), 117-135. Tilse, C., Wilson, J., White, B., Willmott, L., McCawley, A. L. (2014). Enduring Powers of Attorney: Promoting attorneys' accountability as substitute decision makers.Australasian journal on ageing,33(3), 193-197. Willmott, L., White, B., Smith, M. K., Wilkinson, D. (2014). Withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment in a patients best interests: Australian judicial deliberations.Med J Aust,201(9), 545-547.

Stock Market Prices

The prices of stocks which are purchased and sold in the secondary market are mostly influenced by demand and supply. Typically, the price of stocks depends on the number of shares that are offered in relation to the demand of the stocks.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Stock Market Prices specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The price of the shares are often high when there are few shares in the market and if the demand of these shares is high. On the other hand, the prices of shares are low if the shares offered in the market are many. Similarly, the price of the shares becomes significantly low when demand of the shares in the market goes down. Thus, the price of shares is determined by the demand and supply of shares in the market. Supply and Demand The demand of shares in the stock market is determined by various factors. Sloman (2008) posits that, income, wealth, expectations, divided yield, price and returns o f substitutes are the factors that influence the demand of the stocks. Sloman (2008) considers the dividend yield as the money received back by investors and is expressed as a given percentage of its price. Many investors are attracted to purchase those stocks whose dividends are high. Equally, the prices and returns of substitutes relate to dividends as well as the market price for other corresponding stocks. Since the demand of such stocks is often high, their supply often goes down. Subsequently, this makes the price of the stocks to increase. According to Sloman (2008), the most prevalent substitutes for investing in shares include investing in properties such as real estates. Investors are always looking for the ways to make extra money. Therefore, many investors opt to invest in properties or any other forms of investments if they consider them to be more profitable than investing in shares. According to Boyce (2011), between 1960 and 2009 the profits for equities was higher t han the profits gained from investment in property for the most part of the 20-year investment period. It was also observed that even over shorter time spans, equities have been the top-most performing asset, in 64% of five year periods, between 1960 and 2006. Wealth represents the accrued savings and assets. Wealth that is in form of assets is easily converted into cash and invested in shares. It is important to note that houses do not have a high rate of return as compared to investments in shares. Therefore, high-rise owners often opt to sell their houses and invest that money in shares. When this occurs, it increases the demands of shares.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People’s expectations is another factor that determines the demand and prices of shares. Investors tend to buy more of those shares that they are optimistic about their future value. However, this kind of buying poses a great risk. This is because these prospects are not always true. Sometimes, other factors which may be beyond the investors’ expectations could crop up and affect the current outstanding performances of such companies. Such issues may lessen the value of the shares (Bacchetta, Tille Wincoop , 2010) Share prices and their effects on businesses The prices of shares in companies are imperative. This is because the prices of these shares are often used to depict the performance of a given company in the market. When the price of a company’s share increases, it primarily indicates that that company is performing well. Conversely, when the price of the share in a company decreases, it indicates poor performances. Textbook Questions If the rate of economic growth is 3% in a particular year, why are share prices likely to rise by more than 3% that year? Strong economies have been noted to be characterized by an increase in the household income which is reflected in increased spending and investments. An economic growth of about 3% in a particular year is likely to translate to increased share prices by more than 3%. This is because a growth in the economy signifies increased per capita income. What happened to the FTSE 100 in 2010, why? Figure 1 The figure above illustrates how the FTSE 100 index initially performed poorly after suffering major setbacks due to the economic recession witnessed in the year 2008-2009. According to Scott (2010), investors were reluctant to invest in shares since they could not project what would follow the financial crisis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Stock Market Prices specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The financial crises of the year 2008-09 lead to the failing of many banks which impacted negatively on the value of the FTSE 100 stock market. Fletcher (2010) noted that, even by mid 2010, the performance of the FTSE 100 sto ck had not appreciated considerably since most investors were still under uncertainty of investing in shares. This is clearly noted by the great decrease in share prices that occurred in July. Similarly, the value of the shares depreciated significantly in September and November. These drops were linked to large amounts of money that were given to other European countries as bail-outs (Kollewe McDonald, 2010). At the end of the year 2010, the value of the shares had appreciated greatly since more investors had became more optimistic about the future of shares as indicated by the raising of the overall value of the index (Scott, 2010). Find another application of the same idea and explain why the concept is useful in the context you have chosen Supply and demand also determines the prices of commodities globally. For example, currently the prices of Cocoa have greatly increased due to the shortage of Cocoa which is associated with the recent civil unrest in Ivory Coast (AFN, 2011). Figure 2 ‘CÃ ´te d’Ivoire is among the leading producers of Cocoa in the world. Being a major supplier of the commodity, the country plays a central role in influencing the world cocoa prices. Similar concerns about the disruption of cocoa production and export during the civil war also caused New York prices to soar to a high of $2,335/tonne in October 2002.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is observed that when cocoa is in short supply and also in high demand, its prices are often artificially inflated in a similar way to the share prices. This principle is very similar to what happens on stock markets, although the causes are usually much different. Conclusion The supply and demand of shares are known to be the natural determiners of the prices of shares. Nevertheless, there is a danger in that; the process is often manipulated where the prices of shares ends up being artificially inflated. This inflation is dangerous because it leads to considerable loss of investors’ money when the bubble occurs. List of References AAP., 2010. Wattyl accepts takeover bid from Valspar. Web. AFN., 2011. Cote D’Ivoire and cocoa: The facts. Web. Baccheta, P., Tille, C., Wincoop, E., 2010. Risk panics: When markets crash for no apparent reason. Web. Boyce, L., 2011. Investors’ love for property starts to dim. Web. Fletcher, N., 2010. FTSE 100 dips ahead of bank stress test results. Web. Kollewe, A., McDonald., P. 2010. Anglo Irish Bank bailout could total â‚ ¬34bn. Web. Scott, P., 2010. Where will the FTSE 100 end 2010? Web. Sloman, J., 2008. Economics and the Business Environment, 2nd edition. New York: McGraw Hill. This essay on Stock Market Prices was written and submitted by user Reece Diaz to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Is war ever Justified essays

Is war ever Justified essays Life has many amazing things to offer. Life presents us to things such as feelings, people, events, and at last death. Being alive means having the opportunity to learn, to love, to hurt, to feel unhappiness and joy. Life teaches us many good things throughout the years, however as great as life can be, it can also be very painful, destroying and even unfair. Just as we have love, we also have hatred. We have people in the world who are jealous for one reason or another. People who are jealous of other people or/and their countries. In this case Im talking about the United States. Because the United States has a good army, good governments and economy, other countries envy it. They start hating for not much reason and sooner or later they try starting a war. War is a horrible fight that is fought among countries; it kills thousands, and thousands, even millions of people. War is a frightening event that occurs through out life. People go into war for countless reasons; however power is a main factor of war. Wanting to have more power and not wanting to share it becomes a terrible problem. Some people are greedy and selfish and just simply want more and more of it. Whatever the reason might be, I think war is something we should try to avoid if possible. If its not necessary to kill millions of innocent people, then why do it? There can always be a way of compromising. Personally, I think that war is not justified. I agree, that sometimes you are forced to do things you might not want to do, however, I dont think that it makes war acceptable. I dont think that killing millions of innocent children, and people is necessary. Some people think war is justified because, they think that that is the only solution , I think theyre wrong because rather than war being the only solution my opinion is that war is the easy way out. Compromising and discussing their different points of views. Can always be a ...

An Education in Liberal Arts

Liberal arts is a universal education that provides a strong foundation of knowledge in many subjects.  Liberal arts can observe the capabilities as well as the limitations of each field of study. This allows students to find connections between different fields of study, to explore them, and to discover new theories and/or inventions. Liberal arts also allows students to investigate areas of interest and to make new ones by combining diverse subjects.  A liberal arts education provides students with a broad spectrum of information enabling them to expand their knowledge and to advance society in a positive direction.      It is imperative that a liberal arts posses the basic knowledge of the many fields. With this knowledge, students can combine different subjects to formulate new ideas and concepts. As in mixing colors, a new color can only be created by combining various colors. The same is true for liberal arts education, the resulting idea(s) and/or concept(s) is derived from the combination used to create it.      A liberal arts education provides a strong foundation of knowledge in many fields allowing students to create new theories and inventions. With this foundation, there are endless possibilities that students can expand and build on what others have learned rather than wasting time on what has already been discovered.       In order to illustrate, Ill use the example of the telephone. The telephone was an ingenious invention that was combined with the innovation of a free thinker, Alexander Graham Bell. Bell created the first working telephone and the impact of the telephone on society, over the past 100 years, is immeasurable. The result of the telephone revolutionized communication, advancing society to another level. Inventions that advance society, such as this, demonstrate the value of a liberal arts education. In years past, more and more scientists, from an array of various fields, have elaborated upon the basic telephone by inventing different components to be used along with the telephone such as the facsimile machine and computer modems which enable communication via the internet.       In short, a liberal arts education provides students with a strong foundation of universal knowledge that allows them to think without restrictions or barriers. Liberal arts allow imaginative thoughts to develop freely. Such imaginative thoughts lead to discoveries and inventions which, in turn, advance society to higher levels. It is evident that a liberal arts education is one of societys tools for advancement in a positive direction. Plagiarism Detection >

REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

REPORT - Essay Example Staff at the restaurant should address customers politely avoiding stereotypes along race or class. The FAMM model The Five Aspects Meal Model refers factors that play an important role in the restaurant to make the meal experience an entire process. These factors include the room, the meeting, the product, the management control system and the atmosphere. The meeting Service and service quality is considered as a ‘meeting’ depending on the way that the customer is treated. To understand the value of the meeting, a restaurant staff needs to have knowledge of social psychology and rules of etiquette. Higher education is vital for service staff to exhibit mature social interaction in the restaurant. Service staffs make the major contact between a client and the restaurant. A waiter should to explain to the client what is in the menu and the preparation time of meals in a friendly manner. Arrogant waiters can make the whole dining experience very boring to the client. Waite rs should also understand that customers might elevate their own social status in a restaurant. A customer can pretend to be successful and rich. (Kivela, 1994, pp 24).Waiters should be able to assist customers who are less experienced in hotel dining. A waiter who is more helpful than arrogant to an ignorant client will help the restaurant obtain a good reputation.(Finkelstein,1989, pp 34). The room Many meals are consumed in a room. The person offering meals in a commercial setting should improve the eating environment to meet the client’s needs in the best way. Decoration of the room should take into consideration aspects such as style, history of the room, and the design of the room. The created eating environment in a restaurant setting is called a ‘service scape’ (Bitner, 1992, pp102). Modification of the context of a room can influence our taste of wine (Hersleth et al., 2003, pp54). The beliefs and past experiences of a client while consuming food in the same environment changes depending on the context of the eating. Meals need to be in agreement with the overall style of the restaurant (Bowen &Morris, 1995, pp56).Restaurant interiors should also be in agreement with the type of food offered. The product The product component is made of the foods and beverages served in a restaurant including their combination. Waiters in a restaurant are able to use their theoretical and practical knowledge of food and drink to suggest on choice of wine and food. The main purpose of having immense knowledge of food and beverages by the customer is to be able to satisfy the client’s need for the perfect combination of food and beverages. A study by (Nygren, 2004, pp98) has shown that sometimes food and wine combinations fit together but occasionally they do not .The visual effect of the product also has an effect on the restaurant experience of the customer. A study by (Warde and Martens,2000pp210) shows that visual effect played a vital rol e in creating success for the restaurant. In some extreme cases, the appearance of the dish was an indicator of whether the restaurant had succeeded. The taste of the food should meet the expectation of the client.( Fine, 1992,pp104).Consumers of readymade food for example expect their food to taste good .Sensory characteristics of food is vital in any restaurant. The management control system. Leadership and economic issues are under the

Propaganda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Propaganda - Essay Example This is because it has a way of distorting truths. The media helps in spreading propaganda to reach a wide target audience. The intention of the conveyer of the message is usually to create an understanding that is different from the people’s belief. For instance, a leader can use propaganda to propagate hate in communities. The leader can mislead the masses by giving them false information concerning the ongoing in the government. Interestingly, propaganda contains some element of truth as indicated by Jowett, Garth & Victoria (289). However, propagandist coats the lie with facts to deceive the audiences. Sometimes people who spread propaganda base their information on rumors in most circumstances. In addition, there are occasions when individuals spread propaganda unknowingly. Authorities use propaganda in justifying certain behaviors in the society. This mode of communication during the holocaust period appeared to support the heinous acts perpetrated by the supporters of the Nazi movement in Germany. Besides, I have come to realize that the use of propaganda can be beneficial of the society. For instance, campaigns to sensitize individuals in the community can take the form of propaganda. Consequently, the government can use it to eliminate fears among the masses by providing information concerning certain events in the society. There are times in which propaganda fails to reach its target audience. For example, the opponents of the ideology might receive propaganda aimed at convincing the supporters of a given ideology positively (Jowett, Garth & Victoria 307). Moreover, propaganda creates confusion when the message conveyed to the audience is incomplete. As such, it has contributed to rise of conflicts in the societies. The use of propaganda is not a new concept in the society. Records indicate that civilizations used it in communication during the 15th century. It began as a